Assignment 4 Brief therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment 4 Brief therapy - Essay Example or â€Å"How can the therapist provide what is needed to get the patient unstuck?† (Budman, Hoyt & Friedman, 1992). Among the approaches presented, I am partial to the cognitive behavioral techniques. In this paper, two of the known ones shall be discussed, namely Ellis’ Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy pioneered by Aaron Beck. It is believed that much can be said about how a person reacts to a situation. In times of successes and positive moments, most people celebrate with joyous reactions. However, in troubled times, people react with different shades of negative emotions. Some spring back right away and take positive action while others dwell in doom and even fall into a dark depressive state. For these people, how do they find their way back to the light? Ellis’ Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is considered to be the forerunner of Cognitive Behavior therapies. Its basic hypothesis is that our emotions stem mainly from our beliefs, evaluations, interpretations and reactions to life situations. Ellis believes that we have an inborn tendency towards growth and actualization but we often sabotage our movement toward growth due to self-defeating patterns we have learned. Through therapeutic processes, the client learns skills to isolate and dispute their irrational views which were mostly self-constructed and maintained by self-indoctrination. REBT helps clients replace such irrational views with rational and constructive ones, thus resulting in more productive change in behavior and reactions to situations. Although Ellis believes that therapists maintain unconditional regard for the client, he also warns against giving too much warmth to the point of coddling, as it encourages clients’ dependence for approval from the therapist. Maturity is expected of the client as great

An Indefensible Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

An Indefensible Punishment - Essay Example The above-mentioned article has been primarily based on for the study. Death Penalty: An Indefensible form of Punishment: According to the opinions of different theorists in the past, the death penalty could in earlier times be considered as a significant measure that could prevent crimes from taking place within a society. This is primarily because individuals committing dreadful crimes like murder, rape, homicides, or any other form of the act that is against the rule of law or justice if punished with the death penalty could act as an intimidation for other individuals who might have plans to take any such measure. However, over time people have realized that the punishment of death is a harsh and cruel form of penalty and that to live is the right of every individual (An Indefensible Punishment). It can be understood that a person who murders another person or attempts similar crimes need to be punished. The need for the punishment can be realized, since, if the criminal is allow ed to let go then he might repeat his activity again. However, all of these might not make it necessary for an individual to get a punishment of death. Several causes and reasons might be considered in this context that would reject the death penalty as a correct form of punishment. As a most important factor, it may be discussed here that often it is the case that a judgment is wrongly conducted against an innocent person (An Indefensible Punishment). This is possible owing to several wrong witnesses at times getting wrong support. In such situations, an innocent person may be suffered and given the penalty of death, which would then be a highly wrong measure to have been against the individual. Also, many times biases for or against certain individuals may impact the judgment and lead to the death penalty without having a proper assessment of the crime that has taken place in actual (An Indefensible Punishment). Capital punishment can be understood to be a very harsh method of tre ating an individual that also reflects the outrageous feeling of the world as a whole. When an individual kills another individual, his activity is considered as a crime. It can then be realized that when the society decides to punish the murderer by that same measure the society also is committing the same crime. In cases where crimes are committed by small children, there is a need to realize that these small children cannot intend to do the same; rather some kind of mental disorder or psychological issues could compel the small children or young people to attempt such harsh crimes (Textbook_death_penalty, 232). Thus it can be understood that the need to understand the real cause of a person attempting a crime is also necessary, ignoring which a wrong judgment might take the lives of the innocent or an ill person. Several different forms of death penalty like hanging, lethal injection and others are now prevalent that reflect the ruthless measures that society is prepared with to give the criminals penalty with.

'civilization and its discontent, Sigmund Freud Essay

'civilization and its discontent, Sigmund Freud - Essay Example Freud was controversial and influential and in â€Å"civilization and its discontent†, Freud explicitly argues that humankind is violent and cites different terrible instances that suggest part of humankind is violent and he refers to it as â€Å"the inclination toward aggression†. Freud suggests that humans were never meant to be happy because what is often referred to as happiness comes from satisfaction of needs, which are currently complex therefore from this nature is possible as episodes. However, in â€Å"Civilization and its Discontents† Freud emphasized the social role of superego in preserving social order by preventing and turning individual aggression against the society which result in increased discontent with civilization. Though Freud has less to say regarding the common defense against guilt; he manages to show that instead of being victims of sadistic superego people become its agent in the name of ideals, laws and ethics. According to Freud (p. 66), conscience is one of the three functions of superego; however, Thrasymachus, the sophist, promotes doing away with justice as well as all moral standards when he breaks into the discussion angrily claiming to offer better definition of justice. Thrasymachus considers justice to be merely an advantage for the strong even though he considers his definition to be not the real definition of justice because it is de-legitimization of justice since he believes that it is not rewarding to be just. Thrasymachus believes that just behavior works for the benefit of other individuals and not the individual who behaves justly; therefore, he considers justice to be the unnatural restraint on people’s desire to have more. Hence, to Thrasymachus justice is a principle forced on people and does not benefit them to adhere to it so the rational thing is to ignore it entirely. Nevertheless, this view of Thrasymachus promotes injustice as a virtue because the perception of life from this vi ew is that life is a continuous competition for more money, power among others and individuals who possess much in the struggle have the greatest virtue. As the discussion progresses, its burden shifts from the challenge of defining justice to defining justice in a way that is proven and worthwhile. In â€Å"The Republic† Socrates tackles the challenge of describing justice and injustice throughout the discussion (Lear 186). Nevertheless, Thrasymachus manages to show that justice is never universally presumed to be valuable because there are individuals who this it better to look out for their interests instead of following rules. Thrasymachus claim points down to general sophistic moral concept that norms and mores considered just are mere conventions that hinder individuals who adhere to them while benefitting those who flout them. Thrasymachus does not only make assertions that norms of justice are conventions but also claims that the norms are conventions promoted by rule rs for their interests and keeping the subjects in oppression. In countering Thrasymachus claim, Socrates has various arguments against Thrasymachus claim the first argument involves making Thrasymachus admit that he advanced injustice as a virtue where life is a competition. Socrates also launches another long and complex chain of reasoning that results in him concluding that injustice can never be a virtue since it remains contrary to the virtue of wisdom. Injustice goes against wisdom since wise men like men skilled in some art do not seek to thrash out those that possess similar skills in the same art; as well, mathematicians are never in constant competition with each other. Socrates moves to another argument from the understanding that justice involves adherence to certain rules that enable similar

The Impact of Economics on My Life as a Business Article

The Impact of Economics on My Life as a Business - Article Example In order for business people to become successful in today’s global business, each businessman should be knowledgeable in study of microeconomics and macroeconomics. For the purpose of this study, the importance of the basic principles of microeconomics such as the supply and demand of labor and products2 and how individuals, households, and firms make decisions with regards to allocating their limited resources in markets where the trading of goods and services occurs3; and the macroeconomics which focuses particularly on the external factors that could affect the variables such as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment rate, inflation rate, and exchange rate4 will discussed in order to enable the businessmen to understand and apply the useful economic theories in their future business decision making. Businessmen should be aware that there is a significant correlation between the increase in demand for goods and services as well as with the demand for labor. In case the economy of a country is booming, the domestic demand for finished products increases. The increase in the demand for products contributes to the increase in demand for human resources (workforce). Basically, this allows the talented men and women to have the demand for a higher salary or have an option to take double jobs and longer working hours. (See Figure I – A Good Economy below) On the other hand, in case the country is experiencing economic downturn or recession such as the Asian crisis in 1997 or a tragic event such as the September 11 terrorist attack in the United States, the demand  for human resources decreases since a lot of local businesses were directly affected and eventually had to declare bankruptcy or impose a mass lay-offs in order for them to be able to sustain the business financially.  

The Perception of Character and the Dangers of Trust Research Paper

The Perception of Character and the Dangers of Trust - Research Paper Example There are many instances in history where acts that might seem immoral were committed by moral individuals, thus redefining them as moral obligations to a higher cause. These incidents are specifically defined by the person who committed them over the nature of the actions themselves. Darwall suggests that is possible that there are a universally accepted set of moral laws through which a person is then obligated to respond (1). However, the problem with the simplicity of this assertion is that the morals and ethics of a culture will change the defining characteristics of a person. One who lived in ancient Rome, for instance, will have different point of view on the value of all human life than will someone who lives in contemporary society. Morality and ethics are relative to place and time, despite the idea that they are defined by a general human experience. As an example, Thomas Jefferson owned 200 slaves at one point thinking they were a valuable investment (Douglas 61). In our current time period it is considered morally reprehensible to consider owning another human being. However, despite this fact, Thomas Jefferson is seen in history as a moral man. This in no way negates the validity of the theory. It does, however, change the way in which the theory can be approached when examining the considerations that are relevant to the theory. In the example of Thomas Jefferson, he once declared in court while representing a young African American man who was seeking his freedom that â€Å"Under the law of nature, all men are born free, and every one comes into the world with the right to his own person, which includes the liberty moving it and using it as his own will† (Douglas 61). Despite his beliefs, he owned slaves. According to Douglas many of the young revolutionaries of the time both believed in the innate freedom of all men and participated in owning slaves (61).

Compare and Contrast Your art work to a Fantastic Artists Work Assignment

Compare and Contrast Your art work to a Fantastic Artists Work - Assignment Example His work was influenced by works on cubism and was reported to manifest characteristics and features such as â€Å"soothing poetic, personal stories based on Belarusian folklore and the artists Jewish heritage† (The Penn State College of Arts and Architecture 1). As indicated in his website, most of his art works were inspired by themes from the Bible and likewise incorporated works and elements from the religious life in Russia and from folklore (Marc Chagall Paintings). In analyzing the â€Å"Self-portrait with seven fingers†, one is amazed at the vividness and colorful rendition of his self-portrait and the influence of both cubism and fantastic art are clearly exemplified. As the artist, he was shown in painting a scene apparently from a farm or native village. His image was shown dressed formally for a special event, with his curls distinctly eminent and he was apparently portrayed with his left leg apparently raised or resting on the easel. At the background, viewers see the image of the Eiffel Tower at the backdrop and the walls of his abode were in deep and matte shades of red. Other colors of pink, blue, green, yellow, brown, and black were also used. The seven fingers on his left hand signify the artist’s preference for fantastic art by symbolizing that apparently more vibrant images could be created. Source: Fantasy Art of men’s faces at the background. Marc Chagall’s work is related to one’s art work in terms of expressing fantastic art through personal interpretation of one self. There is disparity in terms of SPACING where one’s work placed various images near the focal point but at a DISTANCE. On the contrary, Chagall’s work clearly DELINEATED IMAGES, and the LIGHT AND DARK colors contributed to depicting nearness and distance. One’s own art work likewise was effective in using SHADOWS to emphasize background images in contrast to the Overall, these works of art portray expressions of

Obey Direct Orders Essay Example for Free

Obey Direct Orders Essay There are more than a few reasons that lawful orders should be obeyed. These orders are given for a variety of reasons, and should be followed whether or not you understand or agree with them. Orders are sometimes given simply to keep soldiers to maintain their military bearing and display a proper image of the United States Armed Forces. Other times they are given to protect the soldier or to protect the soldiers around him/her. No matter what, an order should be carried out without question, because if you question orders that seem less important, you could get someone hurt because you were wasting time ignoring or questioning an order that you thought was unimportant. A soldier is given a great many orders that fall into the first category I discussed, maintaining military bearing. These orders range from keeping in step and swinging your arms in formation, to not moving while talking on your phone. All of these orders have reasoning behind them that has applications on the battlefield. For instance, if you are keeping in step and swinging your arms in formation, then you are paying attention to the cadence that is being given, so if you get a command by whoever is marching you, you are already paying attention and can react quickly. This can be the difference between life and death in a combat zone. The same thing can be said about talking on the phone while walking around. You need to not have any distractions when you are patrolling an area. If you are not alert, you could get yourself killed by an IED, or worse you could get others killed. So while these orders may not seem to have all that much importance in the here and now, they actually have a great deal of importance in that they train you in how you need to behave while deployed, so they should be followed with just as much care as any other order. Another type of order that is given is an order that is designed directly to protect you or those around you. Every time you are given an order to do guard duty or a cleaning detail, that order is there to protect yourself and others. When you are asked to pull guard duty, you are actively watching for threats to those that you are guarding. If an insurgent were to try to enter your AO when there was no guard, he could do a lot of damage before he was noticed, and he could kill a lot of people. If you have a guard on post, the same insurgent is likely to be killed or taken into custody with no loss of U.S. Soldiers. When here in training you are practicing the ability to stay alert while on those guard duties. If you were to fall asleep on duty, or not report, then you could be responsible for the deaths of your fellow soldiers. A less obvious threat than insurgents are the bacteria and diseases that you are helping to keep under control every time you follow an order to do a cleaning detail. If these orders are not followed then our fighting force could become crippled by sickness. So you can see even cleaning details are in place to help protect you and your fellow soldiers. In the end the point is, whether or not you understand the reason you are being given an order, or agree with that order, it needs to be followed. Failing to follow orders can cause people to get hurt, or can put you in the position of not having the focus or discipline to stay out of harms way yourself. Follow orders every time.