Cultural Relativsim vs. Ethnocentrism - 1190 Words

Wade Davis, a famous anthropologist, writer, explorer, and other professions, stated â€Å"The world in which you were born is just one model of reality. Other cultures are not failed attempts at being you; they are unique manifestations of the human spirit.† The quote means that because a person is not like you or your culture does not make them inferior. It makes them unique in their own way. On the other side of the spectrum is David Eller who stated â€Å"Insularity is the foundation of ethnocentrism and intolerance; when you only know of those like yourself, it is easy to imagine that you are alone in the world or alone in being good and right in the world. Exposure to diversity, on the contrary, is the basis for relativism and tolerance; when†¦show more content†¦That there is no one culture that is more superior to another culture. After, he felt the Germany was started to think themselves as a more superior race he relocated to the U.S. to escape. While in U. S. he opposed racism and prejudice saying in the end everyone is human. He had hoped that people learned to be more tolerant of others who are not similar to them because diversity makes us the human race (Franz Boas). The first positive aspect of cultural relativism is the belief that there is no universal culture even though culture is universal (Chiariello, 2013). That each cultures has their own separate beliefs, tradition, values, and morals. That there is no one true or false way of living. That the rights and wrongs of one culture might not be the same for another culture. For example, in most third world countries children are forced into hard labor to provide for their families. Children in the United States might think that to be wrong and unethical but to those children in those countries this is what is needed of them and doesn’t see it to be wrong or unethical in any way. That difference doesn’t mean that one’s culture is superior or inferior to another’s culture. It means that as human we have to adapt to the surrounding in order to survive. The second positive aspect is that some people learn to accept,

Women Of The Age Of South Africa - 2692 Words

Women of childbearing age in South Africa have been selected as the target population for a behavior change intervention to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV by reducing unintended pregnancies among HIV positive women. As explained in Assignment 1 (A1), this target population has been chosen because these women are directly at risk due to the norms and practices currently in place in South Africa. While engagement of male partners and healthcare workers is necessary to prevent unintended pregnancies among HIV positive women it has been proven that engagement of these additional groups alone is not sufficient.1 In order to construct an intervention with women at the center of the response2, three specific, modifiable, and†¦show more content†¦In addition, the first behavior has been revised to make it more specific and in such, more measurable. Instead of simply recommending that women get tested at least annually, the intervention will additionally inform wo men of the importance of getting tested before, and if not after, becoming sexually active with a new partner as well as during routine health clinic or hospital visits, specifically if the visit is for family planning, prenatal, or postnatal services. Part A: Selecting theoretical concepts, constructs and/or models Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory3 (SCT) has been selected as a model from which to create an effective behavior change intervention that targets the aforementioned three behaviors in order to ultimately reduce the incidence of unintended pregnancies among HIV positive South African women. SCT posits that â€Å"to achieve self-directed change, people need to be given not only reasons to alter risky habits but also the behavioral means, resources, and social supports to do so.†3 SCT is based on the notion of reciprocal causation wherein personal determinants, behavioral patterns, and environmental context influence one another bidirectionally and in such, an effective program must focus jointly on increasing awareness and knowledge, developing social and self-regulative skills, enhancing those skills and building resilient self-efficacy, and enlisting and creating social supports.3, 4 While there is not

Behaviors related to microeconomics concepts Free Essays

Most of us have always wondered why this always happen when they visit a barber. This is just because of the economic concept. The cost of operations in shaving the beards is even more because more care is needed while shaving and different customers have different styles on how they it to be shaved. We will write a custom essay sample on Behaviors related to microeconomics concepts or any similar topic only for you Order Now This wastes time and energy and to pay for this, the price has really to be high. The expenses that are incurred when perfuming this service is the same with that one that you will apply when performing other services and hence there is no reason whatsoever for its price being low. Another factor is the skill factor in that while shaving the beards, more skill is required and this is reflected in price. As much as in shaving the head any other barber can do it the beard shaving requires potential and qualified barbers and it is this that makes the prices improve upwards. (Perloff, M. J 1999) Why does it cost higher for a woman delivering in a private hospital than that one delivering in a government hospital? Most of the women who go in private hospitals are considered as working class. Although the services rendered may be the same as those in public hospital most of them will prefer going I n private hospitals because of their status. most of the consumers do consider social class as a factor while purchasing products or services in the market like if a dress is sold in the market at $8, and the same dress of the same quality from the same company is sold in a beauty mall at a price of $ 15, a consumer who considers herself as from high class will rather go for that dress in a shopping mall than that one in the market because she tends to think that her status does not allow her to purchase in markets. In fact producers take this as opportunities that they think should be utilized and increase prices in high class shops and reduce in low class shops to just increase the total sales in their organization. The doctors on the other hand, will want to serve more clients within a short time to increase their portfolio income but affect the customers by attending more in less time. The real money in a consumer’s portfolio is the one that will determine where he should seek his service. It is actually this factor that determine where and what a consumer should purchase depending on his capability to pay for the services rendered. That is why high qualified doctors can decide to open their own clinic that will cater for another class of people thus serving the needs of most of the consumers in the market. In today’s market, the key point is actually identifying the need of the customer and fulfilling it. (Mas-Colell. A. et al 1995). Why are veils quite expensive in US than in Saudi Arabia? If there are so many customers in Saudi Arabia who need to purchase this commodity, then how come it is still cheap there yet the demand is also high! The prices should have actually gone up to cut down on the demand . This is not the case because of this culture factor that most organizations need to consider. Most of the people in Saudi Arabia are Muslims and thus most of them need veil as a requirement because of their faiths. This is unlike the customers us who may be assumed as just those who want it for luxury. The way the veil is taken as a cloth required during the worship is not the way it will be taken in the US market hence the prices will probably go high. Culture being important in the consumer behavior has a real impact in any organization. If a customer perceives that a certain commodity is the best however much it may tend to be expensive, a customer will sacrifice and ay the premium price for this commodity than purchasing another commodity that he has no confidence with it. (Pindyck, R. et al, 2004) Bibliography Mas-Colell. A. et al (1995), Microeconomics Theory, Oxford University Press Perloff, M. J (1999), Microeconomics: Incentives in an Imperfect World, Addison-Wesley Longman. Pindyck, R. et al, (2004), Microeconomics, Pearson Prentice hall How to cite Behaviors related to microeconomics concepts, Papers

The Structure and Function of Carbohydrates Essay Sample free essay sample

A saccharide is an organic molecule incorporating merely Carbon. Hydrogen and Oxygen with the general expression Cn ( H20 ) n. They are made up of single molecules called monomers which are joined together by condensation reactions to do a longer concatenation called a polymer. Carbohydrates are categorised in to three chief groups ; monosaccharoses. disaccharides and polyoses. Monosaccharides are individual sugars and are sweet savoring soluble substances such as glucose and fruit sugar which are the edifice blocks for all saccharides. They are used as energy in respiration by being broken down in to carbon dioxide and H2O. ATP. an immediate energy beginning. is released during the glycolysis and the Krebs rhythm whilst besides being generated through the negatron transportation concatenation. Monosaccharides are classified harmonizing to the figure of C atoms. if it contains 3 Cs they are called Trioses e. g. glyceric aldehydes which plays a portion in respiration and photosynthesis. Pentoses e. We will write a custom essay sample on The Structure and Function of Carbohydrates Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page g. ribose. incorporate 5 Cs and are used in the synthesis of nucleic acids ( RNA and DNA ) . supplying a strong sugar-phosphate anchor. When they join together a disaccharide is formed. The reaction in which this takes topographic point is called a condensation reaction and it involves the loss of H2O ( H2O ) and the formation of a glycosidic bond. The contrary of this reaction. the formation of two monosaccharoses from one disaccharide. is called a hydrolysis reaction and requires one H2O molecule to provide the Hydrogen and Oxygen-Hydrogen to the sugars formed. Some illustrations of disaccharides include Sucrose ( glucose + fruit sugar ) which is used in many workss for transporting nutrient militias. frequently from the foliages to other parts of the works. Lactose ( glucose + brain sugar ) which is the sugar found in the milk of mammals and Maltose ( glucose + glucose ) which is the first merchandise of starch digestion and is further broken down to glucose before soaking up in the human intestine. All monosaccharoses and some disaccharides including malt sugar and milk sugar are cut downing sugars. Their presence can be tested by adding Benedict’s reagent to the sugar and warming in a H2O bath. If a reduction sugar is present. the solution turns green. so xanthous and eventually produces a brick ruddy precipitate. Non-reducing sugars can besides be tested for utilizing Benedict’s reagent but first requires the add-on of an acid and warming to hydrolyze the sugar. The acid must so be neutralised utilizing an base such as Na hydrated oxide before transporting out the trial as described above. Polysaccharides are complex saccharides formed from many monosaccharoses. A figure of monosaccharide molecules such as glucose become linked by glycosidic bonds with the riddance of a molecule of H2O for each monosaccharose added in condensation reactions to organize long ironss. Through hydrolysis. these polymers are broken down once more in to disaccharides and monosaccharoses with the add-on of H2O. An illustration of a polyose is starch which is the chief storage of energy in workss and is indissoluble hence good for storage. It is made up of two polymers. amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is a polymer of glucoses which forms a spiral construction which is really compact. Amylopectin is besides a polymer of glucoses but with a bifurcate construction instead than coiling which mean the compound can easy hydrolyze to let go of the glucose monomers. Iodine solution or K iodide solution can be used to prove the presence of amylum. A positive consequence changes the solution from an orange-brown to a bluish black coloring material. A 2nd illustration of a polyose is Glycogen which is the chief storage of energy in animate beings and Fungis. It is similar to amylopectin but has many more subdivisions which are shorter. This means that it is highly compact and hydrolyses really rapidly. A concluding illustration of a polyose is cellulose which is the chief component of works cell walls. It has next ironss of long. unbranching polymers of glucose which bond together to organize micro filaments. These beds are orientated in different waies and interlacing supplying stiff cell wall with spreads in beds to supply permeableness. The saccharide glucose is formed in the light-independent reaction which occurs in the stroma. Carbon dioxide combines with RuBP to organize a extremely unstable 6-carbon compound which splits in to two glycerate-3-phosphates which is so reduced to organize two threes phosphate. This can either be recycled back to RuBP or travel on to synthesize glucose. In decision. saccharides are indispensable for the storage of energy. structural support for illustration as the anchor of DNA and are an intermediate in respiration e. g. glyceric aldehydes.

Don’t Forget to Hit “Record” - The Writers For Hire

DON’T FORGET TO HIT â€Å"RECORD† If you have ever interviewed someone for a book, you know that it is nearly impossible to take thorough enough notes to catch everything that is being said. Even if you are an ace on the keyboard, something is bound to be missed. For this reason, we always recommend recording all of your interviews, so that you can go back and re-visit key points of your interview later on. But, what if they interview is being done over the phone? Well, this great article from Gadget Hacks takes you through the simple steps of recording phone calls on almost any Android device. Just follow their simple steps, and you will no longer be left trying to decipher the chicken-scratch notes you took during an over the phone interview! *Before recording an interview, be sure to check out your state’s laws on recording conversations. Also—check out this great blog for more interview tips and suggestions!

Memorize the First 20 Elements on the Periodic Table

Memorize the First 20 Elements on the Periodic Table If you take a chemistry class there is an excellent chance you will be required to memorize the names and order of the first few elements of the periodic table. Even if you dont have to memorize the elements for a grade, it is helpful to be able to recall that information rather than look it up every time you need it. Memorize Using Mnemonic Devices Here is a mnemonic you can use to help make the memorization process easier. The symbols for the elements are associated with words that form a phrase. If you can remember the phrase and know the symbols for the elements then you can memorize the order of the elements. Hi! - HHe - HeLies - LiBecause - BeBoys - BCan - CNot - NOperate - OFireplaces - F New - NeNation - NaMight - MgAlso - AlSign - SiPeace - PSecurity - SClause - Cl A - ArKing - KCan - Ca List of the First 20 Elements You can devise your own way of memorizing the first 20 elements. It may help to associate each element with a name or a word that makes sense to you. Here are the names and symbols of the first elements. The numbers are their atomic numbers, which is how many protons are in an atom of that element. Hydrogen - HHelium - HeLithium - LiBeryllium - BeBoron - BCarbon - CNitrogen - NOxygen - OFluorine - FNeon - NeSodium - NaMagnesium - MgAluminum (or Aluminium) - AlSilicon - SiPhosphorus - PSulfur - SChlorine - ClArgon - ArPotassium - KCalcium - Ca

Gay and Lesbian Should allowed to become foster parent and adoption Personal Statement

Gay and Lesbian Should allowed to become foster parent and adoption - Personal Statement Example This led to a practice of adoption among gay and lesbian people for a want to care and nurture a child. â€Å"Discussion and debate about adoption and foster care by gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) parents occurs frequently among policymakers, social service agencies, and social workers. The government report shows that an estimated 65,500 adopted children and 14,100 foster children living with gay and lesbian parents†(Gates,2007) The recent surveys have revealed that, considerable amount of homosexuals have adopted children and is leading a fairly good life. However, there are also arguments against the homosexuals adopting and raising children on their own. This could be mainly due to the image the homosexuals have in the society of being ill- mannered and degraded. They are a subject of taboo, and are looked upon as an alien due to their sexual orientation and way of living. Nevertheless, they too have the desire to fondle a child and be a caring parent. So it is very impo rtant to understand their emotional status and allot them the status of being a parent to bring harmony and happiness in their life. â€Å"A good foster home has two happy, contented adults with time enough to pay attention to a foster child†(Mc Nair,35) Work Cited Blatt, Susan Mc Nair. A guidebook for raising foster children. 1st. West Port: Bergin & Garvey, 2000. 35. Print. Gates, Gary.

Tourism Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tourism Planning - Essay Example otes, it must be noted that nowhere within this description of how tourism development planning should take place is there referenced a discussion of the fact that the economic trends within the market are not guaranteed to continue to exist perennially (Scutariu, 2012). In short, any individual with a working knowledge of how the economy operates notes that key factors within the global market can increase or decrease the level of profitability that a given sector might be able to enjoy in any given year (Razzaq et al., 2012). Circumstantial evidence of this can of course be presented with regards to the way in which many individuals within the natural gas producing nations around the globe state the future of their nations and economic wealth that they might hope to effect within the immediate future upon the belief that all market conditions will remain constant (Gracan et al., 2010). However, beginning around the year 2004, it was noted that global natural gas reserves were in fa ct much larger than anticipated and the price premiums that had been paid for this natural gas plummeted (RUSE? et al., 2012). Although it may seem as something of a stretch to compare the way in which the natural gas market change in the way in which the tourism industry may change, it is nonetheless a salient point to consider the fact that the economic trends within the global market do not allow anyone industry to expect a period of sustained economic growth with no threats which might undercut this potential growth in the future (OGARLACI & POPA, 2012). By comparison, the statement of the fact that tourism planning only involves deciding what to build and where represents a great deal of strength and for Rhapsody as well. For instance, the PESETL analysis, and economic analysis that... From the previous analysis, it can and should be definitively noted that the greatest portion of decision-making ability and skill that the tourism planner must have is truly contingent upon the need of deciding what building where. However, with that being said, it is also a fundamentally important for the tourism planner to understand each of the attributed means by which this decision is impacted. Although the analysis has been thorough in anticipating and briefly discussing each of these, the truth of the matter is that there is, in fact, a great litany of other mechanisms through which the tourism planner must engage in order to make a well-informed and accurate decision (Borma, 2012). Without question, the role of the tourism planner is a stressful one due to the fact that multiple millions of dollars can be tied up in a single development, the necessity of making a well-informed and pertinent decision is paramount. With all that being said, it must be understood that a thought ful process must be engaged in order to make any other changes referenced within this brief analysis. If a nuanced and definitive process is engaged but is cognizant of the analysis, as well as many of the other decisions and choices that of the reference, it is likely that the decision of what to build and where can more effectively and appreciably be accomplished. However, if an individual PESTEL tourism planner merely seeks to engage a decision based upon simple determinants, the result will almost invariably be a disaster.

Nationalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Nationalism - Essay Example In the perspective, nationalism does bring negative influence to the society and the people who live within such societies. Negative influence of nationalism is usually brought about by bad leadership. Primarily, leaders use nationalism to bring people together, but quite often they can go to the extremes while trying to meet their goals (Ireneusz and Suszycki 49). This may involve the use nationalism to persuade people to support their bad agenda and treatment towards the minority groups in the society. For instance, Hitler used nationalism to persuade the people of Germany to discriminate and eliminate all the minority groups in the nation. In particular, he used propaganda to invoke strong feeling of nationalism among the German population and then used it to advocate for his discriminative policies. This shows that when nationalism is abused, it can be very dangerous. People will want to fight for the rights and freedoms of their nation regardless of what others may go through. Nationalism can result in the development of extreme nationalistic movements with high degrees of discrimination. In fact, the rise of extreme nationalistic movements such as Nazism and Zionism was as a result of nationalism (Ireneusz and Suszycki 50). These movements had a strong belief in ethnicity in the sense that people that belong to their ethnic background were supreme and therefore there ethnic group was the master race. As a result, both of these ethnic groups embarked on the process of ethnic cleansing to eliminate those groups of people that belong to different ethnic affiliations. For instance, member of the Nazism eliminated the Jews by killing them or sending them to special concentration camps where they would undergo suffering and extreme conditions. On the other hand, the members of Zionism eliminated the Palestinians by driving them out of Israel. This is shows the extent to which nationalism

Coca Colas Strategic Choices

Coca Colas Strategic Choices Strategic choices are concerned with decisions about an organisations future and the way in which it has to respond to the myriad of pressures and influences as a result of its immediate and macro environment. To this end there are three basic choices to be made as shown below. Methods for pursuing strategies The choices about how strategies are to be pursued Strategy directions The choices of products and markets available to an organisation Bases of competitive Strategy The choices as to how an organisation positions itself in relation to competitors Bases of competitive Strategy directions Methods for pursuing Strategy strategies Source: Adapted from Johnson, Scholes and Whittington; exploring corporate strategy 2008: pp217. Bases of competitive strategy This area has to do with how Coca-Cola has positioned itself in relation to its competitors. The Coca-Cola Company competes in the non-alcoholic beverages segment of the commercial beverages industry. The non-alcoholic beverages segment of the commercial beverages industry is highly competitive, consisting of numerous firms. These include firms that, like Coca-Cola, compete in multiple geographic areas, as well as firms that are primarily regional or local in operation. Competitive products include numerous non-alcoholic sparkling beverages; various water products, including packaged, flavoured and enhanced waters; juices and nectars; fruit drinks and dilutables (including syrups and powdered drinks); coffees and teas; energy and sports and other performance-enhancing drinks; dairy-based drinks; functional beverages; and various other non-alcoholic beverages. These competitive beverages are sold to consumers in both ready-to-drink and other than ready-to-drink form. In many of the co untries in which Coca-Cola does business, including the United States, PepsiCo. Inc. is one of its primary competitors. Other significant competitors include, Nestl ´e, Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc., Groupe Danone, Kraft Foods Inc, and Unilever etc. In certain markets, its competition includes beer companies. Coca-Cola also competes against numerous regional and local firms and, in some markets, against retailers that have developed their own store or private label beverage brands. The strategy clock: competitive strategy options High Differentiation 2 4 Hybrid 5 Focussed differentiation 3 Perceived Product/ Service 2 Low price 6 7 1 No frills Strategies destined for failure 8 Low High Low Price Source: Adapted from Johnson, Scholes and Wittington; exploring corporate strategy. 2008; pp 225 The strategy clock above represents different positions in a market where customers or potential customers have different requirement in terms of value for money. Coca-Cola has therefore taken the strategy option of hybrid, in which case it maintains its price but tries to differentiate itself from competitors. The Company has had a mix of pricing, advertising, sales promotion programs, product innovation, increased efficiency in production techniques, the introduction of new packaging, new vending and dispensing equipment, and brand and trademark development and protection. In this regard Coca-Cola has increased its annual marketing budget substantially, launched many new products, and developed a model to help its retail customers maximize their sales while it continue to plan for the future. The risk of this choice is that one could lose market share due to its low prices but then it can be tackled through economies of scale where the company produces in large quantities to cover cost and tries to penetrate different geographies as is the case of Coca-Cola. This choice has actually proved beneficial to Coca-Cola even though its market share has not grown tremendously as one would think over the last ten years but it definitely has a much higher market share than its competitors, especially Pepsi Co. This has been possible for Coca-Cola due to its recognised brand name and strong presence in so many geographies including Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America and the Pacific spanning across 200 countries. Strategy direction This has to do with the scope of a company in terms of its products. Over the last few years Coca-Cola has introduced a lot of products to its portfolio, including the recent Coca-Cola zero, which sold more than 600 million cases globally. Today Coca-Cola does not only deal in non-alcoholic soft drinks, but it also makes a lot of juices and juice drinks, still and carbonated products. As a matter of fact Coca-Cola has more than 3,300 products in more than 200 countries. In general one can rightly say that Coca-Cola has gone into diversification since it has not only shifted from soft drink to juices and even energy drinks but has also ventured and penetrated larger market over the years. Diversification is simply a strategy that takes the organisation away from both its existing market and its existing products. We have therefore used the Ansoff matrix below to identify the strategy direction which Coca-Cola is taking Box D, which is diversification. The Ansoff matrix provides a simp lified way of generating four basic alternative directions for strategic development. Strategic directions (Ansoff matrix) Products Existing New A B Market penetration Product development Consolidation C D Market development Diversification Existing Markets New Source: Adapted from Johnson, Scholes and Wittington; exploring corporate strategy. 2008; pp258 Diversification happened to be a good strategic option for Coca-Cola as it helped the Company to break new grounds in business. For instance a new product like the Coca-Cola zero did so well in terms of sales. This therefore impacted positively on the companys market share. Again shifting from soft drinks to energy and sports drinks also gave Coca-Cola an opportunity of a larger market share. However diversification can be capital intensive as not all organisations will be able to cope with the finances involved since a lot of finances will be needed to go into research and development for the new product. For instance Pepsi-cola once came up with a new product called Meca cola but it wasnsuccessful and the product was withdrawn later on. Surely there will be a lot of laboratory works and feasibility studies to go with a new product and this will equally require skilled people getting involved and consequently hiring more employees so if the organisation does not have enough finances it may not be able to cope. Again the organisation which decides to diversify will put in place an adequate amount of public awareness in terms of advertisements and trainings. This may involve using news papers, television, internet etc. All these can be very enormous so diversification requires careful planning. Methods for pursuing strategies Most of Coca-Cola products are manufactured and sold by its bottling partners. The Company typically sell concentrates and syrups to its bottling partners, who convert them into finished packaged products which they sell to distributors and other customers. Separate contracts (Bottlers Agreements) exist between the Company and each of its bottling partners regarding the manufacture and sale of Company products. Subject to specified terms and conditions and certain variations, the Bottlers Agreements generally authorize the bottlers to prepare specified Company Trademark Beverages, to package the same in authorized containers, and to distribute and sell the same in (but, subject to applicable local law, generally only in) an identified territory. The bottler is obligated to purchase its entire requirementof concentrates or syrups for the designated Company Trademark Beverages from the Company or Company-authorized suppliers. Coca-Cola agrees to refrain from selling or distributing, or from authorizing third parties to sell or distribute, the designated Company Trademark Beverages throughout the identified territory in the particular authorized containers. The Coca-Cola Company has created and achieved a strategic lock-in such that it has achieved dominance in the industry. For instance many people will think of Coke once they think of using or taking a soft drink.

Music Essay -- Filmmakers, Diegetic Sounds

Music plays a critical role in the narrative films as it is important technique that filmmakers use to support the narrative and influence the way that the viewer interacts, responds and interprets the events as they unfold. The godfather, which is one of all time Hollywood movies, represents a good use of music that succeeded in supporting the dramatic events that take place in the movie. Moreover, both diegetic and non-diegetic music in the godfather movie are used to achieve the overall purpose by using the different principles and functions of film music that range from setting the mood of the viewer to providing continuity within the movie. In this essay, we will take part of the godfather movie in which we can observe and analyse the role of the music in the film (00:30:52- 00:35:52) In the beginning of the clip (0:30:52), as the dissolve take us from the previous scene where ,Mr. Woltz , a wealthy studio head, refused angrily the request of Don Vito Corleone to cast Johnny Fontane in one of his movies, the dissolve take us to the next scene where we see Mr. Woltz's house from outside. As the dissolve takes place, a diegetic sound of night insects are heard and even before the next scene comes up on screen. The diegetic sound of night insects provides continuity between the first and the second scene and carry the viewer across a temporal ellipsis of hours (00:30:49-00:30:53) . Moreover, the night insects sound in the next scene (00:30:53-00:31:00) suggests the approach of night and the calmness in Mr. Woltz's house and that to show the difference between the beginning and the end of the scene (00:30:53-00:31:00). Then, as the shot gets closer to the window of Mr. Woltz's bedroom (00:31:03), a non-diegetic music of th... ...(00:32:50-00:33:18) . Then, the scene goes back to don Corleone as he listens to Tom Hegan talks about Sollozo. Suddenly, Don Corleons asks Tom Hegan about Sollozo's prison record and then non-diegetic music runs focusing our attention on the interesting discussion they have about Sollozo and the decision they should make regarding co-operating with Sollozo.(0:33:19-00:34:11) In conclusion, music role in the selected clip from the godfather represents a great use of both diegetic sounds and non-diegetic music that help the viewer of the narrative film to illustrate and interpret the dramatic events as they unfold. Moreover, Setting the mood, providing continuity between scenes and intensifying rhythm and pacing were the principle functions of film music that were used in the selected clip to achieve the overall goal of the use of music in the scenes. .

Study Abroad England

ENGL 378H/ IS 305H and ENGL 378/ IS 305 The Celts: Leprechauns, Braveheart, and Harry Potter Professor: Janet Morgan Haavisto, Ph. D. Course Description: This course is designed to encourage a clearer understanding of the influence the Celts (particularly the Irish and Scots) have exerted on the world and on themselves through their attempts to define their culture. We will examine the characteristics that the Celts have traditionally prized and validated. These characteristics have led the Irish from pre-St. Patrick, into their difficult relationship with the English, into Home Rule, and finally into the European Union.These characteristics have led the Scots from the Roman built Hadrian’s Wall to William Wallace (Braveheart) to a still resented union with England as part of Great Britain. Through literature and cultural studies, we will examine efforts to redefine â€Å"Celtishness† for the twenty-first century, along with the issues that must be addressed by all of t he constituents in the enterprise in this still divided cultural entity comprised of the British-ruled six counties of Northern Ireland and the free Republic of Ireland, as well as the nationalistic Scots with their justice and educational systems independent of England’s.Beginning with Joyce, Yeats, Synge, Swift, Harry Potter (J. K. Rowling), Stevenson, Scott, and Burns, we will examine the characteristics that have led the Scots through centuries of uneasy interaction with England and into the devastation of the clans and the diaspora resulting from the aftermath of the Battle of Culloden and the Highland Clearances. Likewise, we will examine the centuries of distress the Irish have endured in their relationship with the English.Contemporary Scots, however, live in a very different world—one in which they have moved from a position of perceived superiority in a time in which Hadrian built a wall to contain the â€Å"savage to the north† to a world in which the ir economy is still linked to England’s and their cultural makeup includes the many groups (Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, Indians, Asians, Africans, and yet more) who have entered the UK and who see themselves as â€Å"British. † The same situation presents a challenge for the Irish. This diversity is a far cry from the Celtic prototype of earlier centuries.Through literature and cultural studies, we will examine efforts to redefine â€Å"Scottishness† and Scotland as well as â€Å"Irishness† and Ireland. At the end of the course students will be able to: 1. discuss the issues involved in the effort to define â€Å"Irishness,† â€Å"Scottishness,† and â€Å"Celtishness†; 2. define â€Å"devolution† and discuss the impetus for it as well as the ramifications of it for the parties involved and engage in the debate about the efficacy of it; 3. discuss the likely impacts on the Irish and Scots of their definitions of themselves as a re sult of the Republic of Ireland’s and the United Kingdom’s entry into the European Union; 4. istinguish among terms, such as, â€Å"Ireland,† â€Å"Scotch Irish,† â€Å"United Kingdom,† â€Å"Great Britain,† â€Å"England,† â€Å"Briton,† â€Å"British,† â€Å"Celtic,† â€Å"Anglo-Saxon,† â€Å"Irish Gaelic,† â€Å"Scots language,† â€Å"Scots Gaelic,† and â€Å"Erse†; 5. explain how early legends helped define the characteristics commonly attributed to the Irish and the Scots; 6. discuss the impact of cultural diversity on the inhabitants of the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, and Scotland and how such cultural diversity complicates effort to define themselves and their cultures; 7. iscuss the issues of racism plaguing Ireland and Scotland and the difficulties racism causes in the effort to define themselves and their cultures; 8. distinguish among such terms as â€Å"Br itishness,† â€Å"Englishness,† â€Å"Welshness,† â€Å"Scottishness,† â€Å"Irishness† and discuss why distinctions are made among such terms; 9. discuss the significance of â€Å"orange† and â€Å"green† and tartans, harps, and bagpipes; 10. discuss some writers and their literature and the perspectives they shed on the issues of â€Å"Irishness† and â€Å"Scotchness† on attempts to accommodate Irish and Scots of many national and ethnic backgrounds; 11. iscuss the history and extent of Irish and Scots immigration and its effects on the development of the U. S. A. ; 12. explore why in the effort to redefine themselves both strong identification with the United States and anti-Americanism figure into the Irish and Scot effort to position their cultures in the world of the twenty-first century. Texts: Required for students taking this course for Honors credit (strongly recommended for all others): Cahill, Thomas. How the Irish Saved Civilization. ISBN-10: 0385418493 ISBN-13: 978-0385418492 Herman, Arthur. How the Scots Invented the Modern World.ISBN-10: 0609809997 ISBN-13: 978-0609809990 Webb, Jim. Born Fighting: How the Scots-Irish Shaped America. ISBN-10: 0767916891 ISBN-13: 978-0767916899 Required readings for all students: †¢ The Harry Potter series of 7 novels (You do not need to bring them all on the trip. Just read them before you come. ) †¢ Robert Lewis Stevenson's Kidnapped http://www. online-literature. com/stevenson/kidnapped/ †¢ Sir Walter Scott’s Ivanhoe (any edition) http://www. online-literature. com/walter_scott/ivanhoe/ †¢ Robert Burns’ poetry http://www. poetry-archive. com/b/burns_robert. html  ¬ â€Å"Auld Lang Syne†  ¬ â€Å"Bannockburn† â€Å"O My Luve’s Like a Red, Red Rose†  ¬ Tam O’Shanter (Burns original side-by-side with a standard English translation: http://www. worldburnsclub. com/poems/translati ons/446. htm) Online Selections Selections from The CAIN Project. University of Ulster Quote from the website: â€Å"This site contains information and source material on ‘the Troubles' and politics in Northern Ireland from 1968 to the present. There is also information on Northern Ireland society. New material is added regularly and there are also frequent updates, so information on particular pages may change. † http://cain. ulst. ac. uk/ The

Abortion is a right choice. essays

Abortion is a right choice. essays We live in a nation built on the idea of freedom, freedom of choice and freedom of expression, yet we are not free. After all, different people have different attitudes toward abortion. Like wise, the oppositions of society create constricts for women seeking abortions. They maintain that since the unborn child in the womb is a human life, abortion is a kind of guilt, which deprives of a human right to life. Certainly, they go on to point out that abortion should be banned by the law in order to protect these human lives. Of course, the main questions that everyone must face are which areas of behavior to leave to private choice and which to regulate in the interest of virtuous. However, abortion is a very serious and complex issue. This issue will not just end with laws. Therefore, the fact of the conflict is not being concern of its legal status abortion is still going to exist. Notably, still have women who are going to seek them with the help of men to arrange them. Moreover, wit h the doctors and some not qualified who will still perform them. It cannot be denied, this is reality because before 1973 a lot of women died from illegal abortions. Currently, abortion is legal, however, if histories were to repeat itself, and abortions are considered illegal once again, the results would be appalling. Not only would women turn to insalubrious secretive abortions and self induced abortions, the psychological pain and scars would be considerably more awful than those of a legal abortion. In a word, every woman is permitted to the right of privacy in dealing with her own body if women are to be denied this right, history will repeat itself jeopardizing the lives of millions of women. Formerly, legalizing abortion will guide women to have safe conditions, with qualified doctors and proper care. By the same reason, if abortions were no longer an option, womens health issues would arise. Even though, the government will still be able to ...

Valuation In Accounting Research

Valuation In Accounting Research Free Online Research Papers Introduction This topic focuses on share and firm valuation because when we talk about firm valuation, the most important element is the determination of a share’s price. Valuation is closely linked to capital budgeting, risk, returns and the cost of capital because a return model is a transformation of the valuation model, and the discount rate used in valuation and capital budgeting is either a part or wholly the cost of capital. Contents ? Valuation of critical: Maximise the firm’s value/ordinary shares Estimating the cost of capita ? Three models: Dividend Growth Valuation Models Link to value shares Theorises that Dividend payments constitutes value- Dividend may be increased or decreased depending on earnings Represents equity or ownership Includes voting rights Priority: lower than debt and preferred We can simplify the pattern for dividend payment as follows: The dividend has a zero growth rate, and r is also known as the market capitalisation rate (MCR) or the hurdle rate because the investor expects his â€Å"true† rate to be higher than the market rate or the hurdle rate. r is also called the holding period return, the HPR assumes that investors in securities would expect to get some of cash dividends and capital gains from the eventual sale of the shares. Dividends-Discounting Model (DDM) Where :?= sum of the series E [Dt] = Expected dividends in period t This formula is equivalent to valuing the market value of the firm’s equity at the present value since buying stocks is in fact buying a part of a firm Since future cash flows are constant, the value of a zero growth stock is the present value of perpetuity: zero growth CDVM Where: D= Constant dividend r= Required rate of return This formula is useful for investors who want to know the historical rate of return for a company’s stock, and also when the investor wished to determine the expected required rate of return for the future value of a firm’s stock The dividend growths as a constant rate Since future cash flows grow at a constant rate forever, the value of a constant growth stock is the present value of growing perpetuity: However, discounting the above successively depends on r and g: ? if r=g, the share would be infinite ? if rg, the dividends would grow The DDM models and rate of return it can changeable Free-Cash Flow Valuation models Link to value firm FCF is defined as the cash flow left over after deducting the costs of operations (purchases and expenses) and new investments from revenues (sales) FCF= Net Income (NI) + Depreciation-Cost-Investment Where: Vo =Value of firm at time t FCFt = CFOt Invt or FCFt = Nit + Dept ?WC Invt Since FCF measures the cash flow from the entire firm and hence enterprise cash flow or entity cash flow is more appropriate, which is based on the comprehensive basis, the discount rate used in the FCF context must be the cost of capital for the entire firm, which is the weighted average cost of capital. Since FCF is firm level, the growth rate relates to the cash flows of the entire firm. Growth rate (g) = Plough back ratio x ROA = k where ROA=return on asset Residual Income Valuation Models Link to value shares The alterative to the dividend-discounting model is the residual earnings or abnormal earnings valuation models. This model no need to use dividends or cash, it based on value add book value of equity as fundamental value and forecasts if residual earnings. The Ohlson (1995) model is concerned with a single firm’s market value as it relates to contemporaneous accounting information –future earnings, book values and dividends, and other relevant information. The valuation model is set on an efficient market with risk neutrality (risk free), no arbitrage, no information asymmetry, non-stochastic interest rates and a constant term structure. This equation is formulated by substituting RI for dividend into the DDM (equation Po = Div/r) the RIVM is restatement of the DDM. Though using the RIVM, we can value the firm’s equity using fundamental accounting data and there is no need to use DDM to value equity. Thus the only relevance of the DDM is just to provide theoretical support for using the RIVM Similar to the DDM and FCF models, the RIVM of equation can also be expressed in terms of constant growth model ? The advantage of the RIVM is that it emphasizes the important of fundamental economic performance to equity valuation in particular: The difference between ROE or and the cost of equity capital r The expected rate of growth in the book value of equity RIVM can help explain prices better than the DDM or FCF for two reasons: ? By definition, any increase in RI implies value creation ? By comparing the value of the firm and MWE, we can determine whether the share price is over valued or under value Conclusion ? Advantages of DDM (1) Very intuitive-it is easy to understand the DDM in that dividends are cash flows paid directly to shareholders. (2) The model is parsimonious. (3) Operationalization of the DDM is straightforward and easy to apply. ? Disadvantages (1) Obviously, the DDM only works for firms which pay dividends. (2) The DDM does not explicitly account for risk. (3) We need to make an estimate of the firm’s growth rate, g, but this can be difficult to do in practice. (4) As seen in point (2) above, we are not able to explicitly account for risk. (5) Estimates of the shares’ value are very sensitive to our estimates of g and r. (6) The DDM only works for firms which pay dividends. The dividends and residual income approach attempts to maximize shareholders’ wealth while the FCF approach attempts to maximize the wealth of the enterprise. Research Papers on Valuation In Accounting ResearchIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalDefinition of Export QuotasCapital PunishmentRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanThe Project Managment Office SystemAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaOpen Architechture a white paperPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Proposal - Essay Example As you said, the training would be done by you and not by others who quite frankly do not do it very well. Accordingly, our new brochures are being prepared. For instance, last year we spoke about my promotion to managerial position when we increased our sales team, if you would consider this to be now, then, I would propose that advertising ideas be done by someone like the person we previously met or alternately, it can be done by someone else who could do a good job, you or I could easily oversee and handle without any doubt. Then, between Brad, Robert and I, we could handle further duties. However, someone needs to steer the ship and be authoritative, since we need to introduce more decorum in the office. Because of these new demands, I have no problem with hiring or firing, I know it could get personal but if it is detrimental to the company, I have no alternative but to fire the underperforming person. When in business, I do not have an allegiance to anyone that is not performing well enough to satisfy the numbers we have projected. We also need to make sure we have people on a reserve basis so as not to have empty desks. To do this is not difficult, because there is a steady flow of talent available and we can interview and have back up without any problem. The need to obtain new accounts should be imperative, encouraged and propelled to the forefront with expected consequence. A new way of selling bullion is not difficult to do, we need to crush some numbers with Wilshire and rebook at a reasonable cost and selling prices, and this would bring us in line to compete with other companies. For us to be able to sell the Internet calls we get, this gives us the ability to get them into our fold for loads and conversion which is imperative for our long term goal and hence increase revenue of our company. When the going gets

Valuation of Nonlisted Companies in Emerging Markets Essay

Valuation of Nonlisted Companies in Emerging Markets - Essay Example Rapid changes are taking place in the economies of these countries and they provide a wonderful ground for investors to reap huge benefits. When compared to the developed world, the return on investment in these economies is higher and faster, as the rate of industrialization and growth in niche sectors is rapid. While we talk of investment, we have to distinguish between investment in listed companies and non-listed companies in these emerging economies. There is a difference in the way investments and returns are made in listed and non-listed companies. While listed companies are governed by stringent rules dictated by the respective governments, non-listed companies enjoy a certain degree of autonomy in their operations. There is a difference in the valuations of these non listed companies as compared to the listed companies. It is very important to critically examine the valuations of these non-listed companies in emerging markets, before a foreign or even a domestic investor puts in his capital. In the International Experts Meeting on Corporate Governance of non Listed Companies, held in Istanbul, Turkey on 19-29 April, 2005, a large number of policy makers, business leaders and other experts deliberated on the issues of corporate governance of non listed companies, namely different ownerships, sourcing of capital, transparency requirements, professional management and the role of the policy makers in ensuring the above-mentioned factors. This meeting was organized by the OECD and had participants from 36 countries1.The group concluded that there was a need for better corporate governance, meeting compliances, increase in size and capital ploughed in, transparency and working towards shareholders' benefit in non listed companies in the emerging markets to help the economy which, in many case was dependent on the success of these family-owned entities. In another study conducted in Chile, it was found that in some case, there is a conflict of interests between controlling and minority stakeholders. Pyramids seem to be an effective way of separating cash from controlling rights. This is an effective way for economic groups to exercise control over productive assets and to establish internal capital mechanisms that can compensate for poorly developed formal markets. However, establishment of pyramids could be detrimental to the market value of companies and to the economy of the country as well2. Research Process After reviewing the available literature, it seems logical to go about the research process by undertaking a study of non- listed companies in emerging markets, the main examples being China, India, Russia, Brazil. This would represent almost the majority of the developing world. A relative analysis of company ownership, cost of capital, cost of resources, market valuations, professional management, corporate governance and popularity on the local and international stock markets could be carried out. Two cases per country: one of a listed company and another of a non-listed company could be compared and the discussions and results arrived at. A study of each country's policies in the area of listed and non-listed companies would also have to be undertaken, and the need for improvement/change in

Needs Assesment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Needs Assesment - Essay Example The researcher also gave a proper action plan using which the company can get the problems solved. NexGen IT Services Company provides different types of IT services to the people living in and around New York. Some of the main business areas of the company include software development, network management, database development and management, and IT consultation. The company develops different kinds of software applications and makes them available in market for customers. The company also developed software products based on customers’ requirements. Along with software development, the company also develops database applications based on new technologies. Network management is another specialty of NexGen IT Services Company. Moreover, the company also provides IT related consultation to its customers. The current situation of the company is not up to the standards as the company is loosing its grip over its market share, as well as position it had achieved in the market based on te quality if its products and services. The two main reasons behind this situation are: â€Å"Employee turnover is the process of replacing one worker with another for any reason† (Beam, n.d.). High employee turnover means that the company is not able to retain its employees. It is a fact that experienced employees yield higher levels of productivity as compared to employees who join a company as fresh employees. The reasons behind high employee turnover ratio are usually improper employee recruitment and lack of a proper incentive plan. When I inquired the managers of NexGen, I came to know that they had started hiring less experienced employees in order to cut down the cost of retaining experienced employees. They also took this step as the result of resignations from their key employees. However, this strategy of the company is proving unsuccessful because new

The N word Essay Example for Free

The N word Essay The word Niger should not be used by anyone regardless of the circumstances. Niger comes from the Latin word Niger meaning black. Niger was used derogatory term used to refer to black slaves during colonial times. It represents generations of endured racism and oppression. The word was used to make a mockery of black people. Whether [Niger Is] used as a noun, verb, or adjective, It strengthened the stereotype of the lazy, stupid, dirty, worthless nobody, (N Egger, a brief history). The use of the word Niger strips away the individuality of a person. Niger is evident in IP hop music, the civil rights movement, pop culture, and is now used as a term of endearment. The genre of hip hop music inspires use of the generalizing term Niger. Hip hop music allows the term Niger to be a normal thing to say. When Niger is used in a song it gives people of every race an excuse to use it. Certain words from song only can end up in a persons vocabulary. In the song Real Amiga Roll Call by Ill Jon and The East Side Boozy, the variation of the word Niger Is used over 95 times. After hearing Niger over 95 times in one song, the word Is going to stick. Rappers should cake responsibility for music they put out In the music Industry. Rappers could be more positive and help a lot more people out. An opposing argument Is that HIP hop started In the late 19005 and It was a form of expression for blacks and it empowered them. Hip hop was all about individuality among blacks. Deceased rapper Outpace Shaker influenced many people going through struggles when he spoke about being grateful for what one has in his song Keep Way Head up: Ahoy, I remember Marvin Gay, used to sing TA me He had me feeling like blacks that thing to be And suddenly that ghetto didnt seem so tough And though we had It rough, we always had enough The problem with this argument is that hip hop music isnt like that anymore, nowadays hip hop puts more emphasis on partying, drugs, and sex. Hip hop music encourages the use of the word nigh? «. The people of the Civil Rights Movement fought very hard against the generic term Niger. DRP. Martin Luther King Jar. Was all about fighting love with hate. He died fighting for the equality of his kind, and yet a few decades later those same people are using a malicious racial slur among themselves. This situation should not be hat he died fighting for. Martin Luther King wrote in his Letter From Birmingham Jail When your first name becomes Niger, your middle name becomes boy. This quote shows what King thought about the use of enlarger, shows how the term really generalizes people. HIS argument here Is that If you call someone a Niger he might as well have no name. The word Niger has become a term of endearment, and people use it from racists by changing it from Niger to Amiga. Amiga is supposed to mean friend. The word was supposedly reinvented and meant something entirely different. People ere Just conforming with each other and lost their way when they came up with this. Then blacks took pride in being insignias, a variation of a word they Just spent generations fighting. Niger oppressed black people for hundreds of years, people died fighting against that slur, Just because an A was added at the end, and all of a sudden its k. The word Niger takes away the individuality of a person. Niger was used as a mockery of black people. During the Civil Rights Movement the word was fought against. Hip hop music started off with great messages, but now songs use the word Niger excessively. Lastly, Niger has supposedly become a term of endearment.

Nursing Care for Acute Exacerbation of COPD

Nursing Care for Acute Exacerbation of COPD Introduction This essay is focused on the signification of health assessment throughout the nursing process of a scenario of patient (Mr Lee) who diagnosed with acute exacerbation of COPD and express how health assessment and emergency assessment help to plan a suitable nursing care for Mr Lee. Background Firstly, let’s describe of Mr. Lee’s health status. Mr. Lee, aged 70, graduated from high school, retired. He have a son and living with wife and son. He had smoking habit (2 packs / day), but had been quit recently. He also has drinking habit (2 beers per week). He has allergic history of drug – Sulfonamides. For the past history, Mr. Lee had myocardial, hypertension, left-sided heart failure and fractured ankle. He also previously diagnosed with emphysema. Mr. Lee admitted hospital with wheelchair at 23:30 hour on 23 Jan 2014 by complaint of increased cough and laboured breathing at home for past 24 hours. Pain rated 4/10 (10 is being the worst) with cough and mucus sputum. Dyspnoeic breathing, breath sounds heard on the bilateral lung field. Vital signs checked: temperature 37.3 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, pulse 90/ min, respiration 22 /min, blood pressure 130/84 mmHg, SpO2: 95% on room air. Urine test results normal. General condition fair and conscious, emotion stable but showed anxious and claim had insomnia. Mr. Lee is obese: BW 84kg, Height 1.6m (BMI 32.8), he also has oedematous on both ankles (size ++). His vision and hearing are normal. Mr. Lee speaks Cantonese with clear communication. Appetite normal with denture which kept by patient, special diet: low sodium 4g should be given to patient. Elimination is normal, bowel pattern usual habit once per day. For the mobility part, Mr. Lee ambulates independently with fairly steady gait. He did not have disability but need to assist the self-care ability. Medical orders At 01:30 of 24 Jan 2014 MO (Dr Chow) went to see Mr. Lee and prescribed some medical orders as below: Prednisolone (steroid, 80mg po daily) improve respiratory function and oxygenation by reduce inflammation. However sever adverse effect may occur by taking oral steroids, such as hypertension, fluid retention, GI upset, anxious etc. Nurse need to assess and close monitor BP, in/out put, emotion and give low sodium diet for patient. Due to Mr. Lee have MI history, Aspirin (Salicylate, 80mg po daily) prescribe for inhibit platelet aggregation avoid MI relapse. Nurse need to assess coagulation function and liver function. Prescription of two bronchodilators: Atrovent (2 puffs t.i.d.) and Ventolin (2 puffs q6hr prn) are for COPD treatment by make bronchial smooth muscle relaxation. Nurse need to assess the technique of inhalation and difficulty breathing. Furosemide (diuretic, 40mg po daily) prescribe for removes the stimulus of sodium, chloride absorption because of Mr. Lee has oedematous on both ankles. This drug causing a profound increase in urine output, Nurse need to assess the in/output balance and electrolyte level. Metoprolol (Beta-blocker, 50mg po daily) causing vasodilation to treat hypertension and prevent heart attack. Nurse need to assess the BP and heart rate before given. Mr. Lee has left-sided heart failure history, MO prescribes Digoxin (cardiac glycoside, 0.125mg po daily) which help maintain normal heart rhythm and improve blood circulation. Nurse need to assess the apical rate make sure >60/min before given. To make sure the above drugs are safety administer to Me. Lee, not only notice the special precautions of each drug state as above and apply three check five right in giving medication, nurse also should give assessment for patients’ health history especially allergy history; general survey such as vital signs q4hr and p.r.n., I/O chart; physical assessment e.g. breathing pattern and follow laboratory results (CXR, CBP, R/LFT, ABG, Urinalysis), assess and detect any abnormal finding before drug given, assess the drug efficacy and side effect after receive drugs. Oxygen therapy Except oral drug, Dr Chow also prescribes oxygen to Mr. Lee with maximum 4L/min to keep pulse oximetryà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ §90%. During administering oxygen, hanging notice near Mr. Lee, let everyone know he is on oxygen therapy and the flow rate. Nurse should be awareness that COPD patients can cause respiratory depression or acidosis (pH Nurse should ensure the setting of oxygen delivery is smooth, on the right type i.e. low-flow devices; and method i.e. nasal cannula or simple mask. Assess and monitor pulse oximetry level and respiratory rate closely. Keep vision observation of presentation of Mr. Lee such as SOB. Follow the medical review and the ABG result which may affect the need and level adjustment of oxygen. Assessment of SOB Base on the chief complain of laboured breathing for Mr. Lee, nurse need to pay more attention on his clinical presentation. If patient suffering short of breath (lack of oxygen and/or excess carbon dioxide in the blood) symptoms include: breathing rate become faster and shallow, tachycardia, unable to speak long sentences, cyanosis, use accessory muscles of respiration. Patient also may have chest pain or getting confused. Besides, nurse can apply assessment tool ‘COLDSPA’ asking the symptoms of SOB as below: Character: Ask Mr. Lee to describe the difficulty breathing. Onset: Ask whether the onset of difficulty breathing is sudden or gradual. Location: Ask have chest pain or not and the manifestation and stationary or moves. Duration: Ask how long the SOB lasts, does it appear when walk or doing activities. Severity: Ask how much it bothers Mr. Lee. Pattern: Ask what cause SOB being better or worse. Associated factors: Ask is there any symptoms occur with it and does it affect patient. Physical assessment also can use to assess SOB includes four parts: Inspection to give observation of skin (shin skin, cyanosis), body weight (fat, oedema), breathing pattern (faster respiratory rate, using accessory muscles), chest wall (barrel chest). Palpation mainly focus on the degree of expansion of chest, COPD patient may symmetrically reduced lung expansion. Percussion which to tap the lung and produced sounds. Different types of sound mean the chest filled with air, fluid or solid. Mr. Lee with SOB may have full of air in the lung, the tapping sound will be hyper resonant. Auscultation is use stethoscope to listen the sound of breathing. Mr. Lee with SOB, the breath sound would be wheeze and crackles. Nursing action on N shift Base on the assessment, the nurse should keep close observation of Mr. Lee clinical presentation, pulse Oximetry and vital sign monitoring. Give Ventolin puff if patient SOB. Set NS block for used. Chart I/O for the fluid balance. Pend investigations such as CXR and blood taking as quick as possible. Important information hand over to A shift nurse The information of Mr. Lees’ health history, general survey and physical assessment and the nurse action done at night shift should be hand over to A shift nurse. Also told the nurse that Mr. Lee dyspnea at night, advise chasing lab results, suggest doctor order sputum test and Peak flow rate checking. Important health problem identification To identify the main problem of Mr. Lee, nurse need to compare the objective and subjective data of the below groups. Oxygen: (subjective data) Mr. Lee complaint dyspnoeic gradually, increase cough with mucus sputum, labored breathing at home 24hours. History of smoking 2 packs/day, quite recently. (Objective data) Mr. Lee diagnosed acute exacerbation of COPD, GC fair, dyspnea at night shift, pulse Oximetry from 95% reduce to 88%, Heart Rate from90/min increase to 110/min and Respirations are difficulty at 30/min with right lower lobe crackles and wheezing bilaterally. Fluid (subjective data) Mr. Lee have denture kept by himself, drink 2beers/week. No complaint of eating and drinking, (Objective data) He is obesity with BMI 32.8 abnormal level , there also oedematous on both ankles. At night Mo prescribe Furosemide (40mg Po QD) and offer special diet (low sodium 4g). His I/O is positive balance, NS block setup and voiding per urinal. Safety of physical and psychological (subjective data) Mr. Lees’ vision and hearing are normal, non disability but pain rated 4/10 (10 is being the worst) with cough. He also claims insomnia. (Objective data) Mr. Lee doesn’t tolerate get up to restroom need to use voiding per urinal. For mobility, he ambulates independently with fairly steady gait but self-care ability need assisted. He has hypertension history BP 130/84, Metoprolol (50mg po daily) prescribed for him. His mental stable but emotion shows anxious. He suffers dyspnea at night with Pulse Oximetry 88%, Fast Heart Rate 110/min and RR 30/min. Comparison with three groups’ data, the most important health problem for Mr. Lee is Gas Exchange, Impaired related to altered oxygen supply and the evidence already showed above. Although Mr. Lee also has excess body fluid and risk of safety problems, but the problem priority should be meet the physical needs of the patient, and then consider other levels of need. Problem of oxygen supply is immediate threat to life may cause dysnea or brain hypoxia etc, and need to take immediate action to solve it. Besides fluid retention is a symptom of acute exacerbations of COPD and anxious is related to the dyspnoeic, so if the Gas Exchange, Impaired solve, the other problems may improve. To improve Mr. Lee’s condition, A shift nurse need to have some essential assessment and measures perform for him. Give general assessment including: monitor vital sign and notice any abnormal reading which directly reflect metabolism, oxygenation and circulatory functions; Monitor O2 saturation where Mr. Lee at risk for desaturation; Assess skin colour and perfusion for development of cyanosis; Communication such as any changes in orientation and behavior. Use IPPA to check lung condition i.e. use accessory muscles, lung sound, expansion of chest, noting any signs and symptoms of SOB or airway resistance, also pay attention to breathing pattern, respiration rhythm and dept can reflex lung function such as decrease lung volume and ventilation. Nurse also can use peak expiratory flow rate to measure airflow obstruction, Follow the lab report of CXR, ABGs etc and note changes. Assess the positioning of Mr. Lee to notice any physical effort on oxygenation. Also assess patients ability to cough effectively to clear airway secretions. Note the quantity, color, and consistency of sputum. After assessments, nurse need to compare with the normal standards, noted any abnormal finding which help to give suitable measures. The measures includes keep continues assessment and monitor which state on above. Positioning of patient, eating and drinking assist avoid dehydration. Medication should be given as prescription and assess any side effect appear. Also use anxiety scale to check the emotion then give psychological care to reduce the anxiety level. The expected outcome in the A shift for Mr. Lee is free of difficulty breathing by showed as maintains pulse oximetryà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ §90%, normal ABGs result and alert responsive, reduce anxious level. However there may occur undesirable situation such as patients condition remain unchanged even become worse. In that way, nurse need to refresh the data and reassessment patient’s health condition to modify the aim and intervention to meet the need of patient. Important information hand over to B shift nurse A shift nurse should hand over the information of Mr. Lees’ health history, general survey and physical assessment, Mr. Lees’ condition in A shift and the nurse action done at A shift. In conclude nursing assessment is a process with planning, purposeful and systematic and run through hold nursing process of Mr. Lee. It helps nurses collect information to master health condition of patient. The assessment provides evidences to nurse analysis, judgment and give proper nursing care, which increase the accuracy of nursing diagnosis and the management, fit the health needs of the patient more specifically.

Erythema Migrans Essay -- Health, Diseases, Ticks

Erythema migrans (EM) is a red, slowly expanding rash which is associated with the bite of ticks. European physicians observed EM in patients in the early 20th century and theorized that it was caused by a tick-borne bacterium. Later the in the 1970’s a physican observed a clusters of child with arthritis in and around Lyme, Conneticut. After further investigation it was discovered that the arthritis occurred subsequent to the presence of tick bites followed through with EM rash lesions. It was not until 1984 when conclusive evidence showed that the bacterium spirochete Berrelia burgdorferi caused Lyme disease. In 2002 Lyme disease caused more than 23, 000 infections in the United States (1) . Lyme disease is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium spirochete B. burgdorferi that transmitts the bacterium to humans through the bites of western black-legged deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis). This tick is much smaller than a dog or cattle tick and feed by inserting their mouths into the skin of a host and slowly receive their vital fluid (1). Early localized Lyme disease occurs 3-30 days after the tick bites. Symptoms include EM, mild muslce aches, fever, headache, and lymphadenopathy. Early disseminated disease occurs 1-4 months subsequent to the tick bite. Symptoms include cranial-nerve facial palsy, meningitis, radiculopathy, and heart block. In the late platform of the disease which begins 3-4 months after the tick bite. Symptoms include arthirits in big joints, rigid headache, encephalitis and cognitive disorders. Early localized Lyme disease is treated with doxycycline or amoxicillin for 14-21 days. Early disseminated and late Lyme disorder are treated for 14- 28 days with either oral or parental therapy (ceft... ...ible through seasonal feeding activity of nymphal I. scapularis and the increase of outdoor activities tribe engage in during these months (4). In 2002 there were a total of 23,763 reported cases of Lyme disease, more than any previous year (2). Similar to previous years, the highest incidence rates occurred in northeastern, mid-Atlanatic and north central states. The largest proportion of cases were reported among ages 5-14 years and 50-59 years. Factors influences this grow in reported cases include a growing deer population, increased residential development of wodded areas, tick dispersal to new areas, improved disorder remembrance in areas where Lyme disease is endemic, and enhanced reporting (2). The NETSS system is weighty because it helps determinine who is at risk and where the highest incidence rates are that need targeted preventative measures.

Spirit Bound Chapter Twenty-Six

MAYBE IT WAS SOMEONE'S SICK sense of humor, but I ended up in Dimitri's now-vacated cell. I had come quietly after that guardian laid the charges before me. In fact, I'd become comatose because too much of what he'd said was impossible to process. I couldn't even really get to the part about me. I couldn't feel outrage or indignation over the accusation because I was still stuck on the part about Tatiana being dead. Not just dead. Murdered. Murdered? How had that happened? How had that happened around here? This Court was one of the most secure places in the world, and Tatiana in particular was always guarded–by the same group that had descended on Dimitri and me so quickly. Unless she'd left Court–and I was pretty sure she hadn't–no Strigoi could have killed her. With the constant threats we faced, murder among dhampirs and Moroi was almost unheard of. Sure, it happened. It was inevitable in any society, but with the way ours was hunted, we rarely had time to turn on each other (shouting in Council meetings aside). That was part of why Victor had been so condemned. His crimes were about as bad as things got. Until now. Once I got past the impossible idea of Tatiana being dead, I was able to ask the real question: Why me? Why were they accusing me? I was no lawyer, but I was pretty sure calling someone a sanctimonious bitch was not hard evidence in a trial. I tried getting more details from the guards outside my cell, but they remained hard-faced and silent. After making my voice hoarse from shouting, I slumped onto the bed and went to Lissa's mind, where I was certain I'd get more information. Lissa was frantic, trying to get answers from anyone she could. Christian was still with her, and they stood inside the foyer of one of the administrative buildings, which was filled with a flurry of activity. Dhampirs and Moroi alike ran everywhere, some frightened of this new government instability and others hoping to take advantage of it. Lissa and Christian stood in the midst of it all, like leaves swept along in a storm's fury. While Lissa was now technically an adult, she had still always been under the wing of some older person at Court–usually Priscilla Voda, and occasionally even Tatiana. Neither of them was available now, for obvious reasons. While many royals respected her, Lissa had no real source to turn to. Seeing her agitation, Christian clasped her hand. â€Å"Aunt Tasha will know what's going on,† he said. â€Å"She'll turn up sooner or later. You know she won't let anything happen to Rose.† Lissa knew there was a bit of uncertainty in that statement but didn't mention it. Tasha might not want anything to happen to me, but she certainly wasn't all-powerful. â€Å"Lissa!† Adrian's voice caused both Lissa and Christian to turn around. Adrian had just entered, along with his mother. Adrian looked as though he had literally gone straight from my bedroom to here. He wore yesterday's clothes, slightly rumpled, and his hair was styled with none of his usual care. By comparison, Daniella looked polished and put together, the perfect picture of a businesswoman who hadn't lost her femininity. At last! Here were people who might have answers. Lissa rushed over to them gratefully. â€Å"Thank God,† Lissa said. â€Å"No one will tell us what's happened†¦ except that the queen is dead and Rose is locked up.† Lissa looked up at Daniella's face pleadingly. â€Å"Tell me there's been some kind of mistake.† Daniella patted Lissa's shoulder and gave as comforting a look as she could manage, given the circumstances. â€Å"I'm afraid not. Tatiana was killed last night, and Rose is their main suspect.† â€Å"But she would never have done that!† exclaimed Lissa. Christian joined her in righteous fury. â€Å"Her yelling at the Council that day isn't enough to convict her for murder.† Ah, Christian and I had the same line of reasoning. It was almost scary. â€Å"Neither is crashing the Death Watch.† â€Å"You're right. It's not enough,† agreed Daniella. â€Å"But it doesn't make her look good either. And apparently, they have other evidence they say proves her guilt.† â€Å"What kind of evidence?† Lissa demanded. Daniella turned apologetic. â€Å"I don't know. That's still part of the investigation. They'll have a hearing to present the evidence and question her whereabouts, possible motives†¦ that kind of thing.† She glanced around at the people rushing by. â€Å"If they even get that far. This kind of thing†¦ it hasn't happened in ages. The Council gains absolute control until a new monarch is elected, but there's still going to be chaos. People are afraid. I won't be surprised if the Court goes under martial law.† Christian turned to Lissa, hope on his face. â€Å"Did you see Rose last night? Was she with you?† Lissa frowned. â€Å"No. I think she was in her room. The last time I saw her was the day before yesterday.† Daniella didn't look happy about that. â€Å"That's not going to help. If she was alone, then she has no alibi.† â€Å"She wasn't alone.† Three sets of eyes turned in Adrian's direction. It was the first time he'd spoken since first calling to Lissa. Lissa hadn't focused on him too much yet, meaning I hadn't either. She'd only observed his superficial appearance when he arrived, but now she could see the little details. Worry and distress had left their marks, making him look older than he was. When she tuned in to his aura, she saw the usual gold of a spirit user, but it and its other colors were muddied and tinged with darkness. There was a flickering there too, a warning of spirit's instability taking hold. This had all come about too quickly for him to react, but I suspected he'd hit the cigarettes and liquor as soon as he had a free moment. It was how Adrian coped with this sort of thing. â€Å"What are you saying?† Daniella asked sharply. Adrian shrugged. â€Å"She wasn't alone. I was with her all night.† Lissa and Christian did a good job of maintaining neutral expressions, but Daniella's face registered the shock that any parent would have upon hearing about her child's sex life. Adrian noticed her reaction as well. â€Å"Save it,† he warned. â€Å"Your morals, your opinions†¦ none of it matters right now.† He gestured toward a group of panicked people running by, screaming about how Victor Dashkov must have surely come to Court to kill them all. Adrian shook his head and turned back to his mother. â€Å"I was with Rose. That proves she didn't do it. We'll deal with your motherly disapproval about my love life later.† â€Å"That's not what worries me! If they do have hard evidence and you get mixed up in this, you could be under suspicion too.† The composure Daniella had entered with was beginning to crack. â€Å"She was my aunt,† cried Adrian incredulously. â€Å"Why on earth would Rose and I kill her?† â€Å"Because she disapproved of you dating. And because Rose was upset over the age ruling.† This came from Christian. Lissa glared, but he merely shrugged. â€Å"What? I'm just stating the obvious. Someone else would if I didn't. And we all heard the stories–people have been making up things that are extreme even for Rose.† A strong comment indeed. â€Å"When?† asked Daniella, clutching Adrian's sleeve. â€Å"When were you with Rose? When did you get there?† â€Å"I don't know. I don't remember,† he said. She tightened her grip. â€Å"Adrian! Take this seriously. This is going to make a huge difference on how things proceed. If you got there before Tatiana was killed, then you won't be tied to it. If you were with Rose afterward–â€Å" â€Å"Then she has an alibi,† he interrupted. â€Å"And there's no problem.† â€Å"I hope that's true,† murmured Daniella. Her eyes didn't seem focused on my friends anymore. The wheels in her head were spinning, her thoughts jumping ahead as she tried to think how best to protect her son. I had been an unfortunate case for her. He was, understandably, a red-alert emergency for her. â€Å"We're still going to have to get you a lawyer. I'll talk to Damon. I have to find him before the hearing tonight. And Rufus will have to know about this too. Damn.† Adrian arched an eyebrow at that. I had the impression Lady Ivashkov didn't swear very often. â€Å"We have to find out what time you were there.† Adrian still wore his distress around him like a cloak and looked as though he might fall over if he didn't get nicotine or alcohol soon. I hated to see him like that, particularly over me. There was strength within him, no question, but his nature–and the sketchy effects of spirit–made coping with this hard. Yet, through his agitation, he managed to pull up a memory to help his frantic mother. â€Å"There was someone in the building lobby when I came in†¦ a janitor or something, I think. No one at the front desk, though.† Most buildings usually kept a staff member around for emergencies or concierge services. Daniella's face lit up. â€Å"That's it. That's what we'll need. Damon will find out the time you were there so that we can get you free and clear of this.† â€Å"And so he can defend me if things turn bad?† â€Å"Of course,† she answered swiftly. â€Å"What about Rose?† â€Å"What about her?† Adrian still looked ready to fall apart, but there was seriousness and focus in his green eyes. â€Å"If you find out Aunt Tatiana was killed before I was there, and Rose is thrown to the wolves alone, will Damon be her lawyer?† His mother faltered. â€Å"Oh, well, darling†¦ Damon doesn't really do that sort of thing†¦.† â€Å"He will if you ask him to,† said Adrian sternly. â€Å"Adrian,† she said wearily, â€Å"you don't know what you're talking about. They say the evidence against her is bad. If our family's shown supporting–â€Å" â€Å"It's not like we're supporting murder! You met Rose. You liked her. Can you look me in the eye and say it's okay for her to go in with whatever half-assed defense they dredge up for her? Can you?† Daniella blanched, and I swear, she actually cringed away. I don't think she was used to such fierce resoluteness from her devil-may-care son. And though his words were perfectly sane, there was kind of a crazy desperation in his voice and attitude that was a little scary. Whether that was caused by spirit or just his own emotion, I couldn't say. â€Å"I†¦ I'll speak to Damon,† Daniella said at last. She'd had to swallow a few times before actually getting the words out. Adrian let out a deep breath and some of that fury went with it. â€Å"Thank you.† She scurried away, melting into the crowd and leaving Adrian alone with Christian and Lissa. The two of them looked only a little less stunned than Daniella had. â€Å"Damon Tarus?† Lissa guessed. Adrian nodded. â€Å"Who's that?† asked Christian. â€Å"My mom's cousin,† said Adrian. â€Å"The family lawyer. A real shark. Kind of sleazy too, but he can pretty much get anyone out of anything.† â€Å"That's something, I suppose,† mused Christian. â€Å"But is he good enough to fight this so-called hard evidence?† â€Å"I don't know. I really don't know.† Adrian absentmindedly reached for his pocket, the usual cigarette spot, but he had none today. He sighed. â€Å"I don't know what their evidence is or how Aunt Tatiana even died. All I heard was that they found her dead this morning.† Lissa and Christian exchanged grimaces. Christian shrugged, and Lissa turned back to Adrian, taking on the role of messenger. â€Å"A stake,† said Lissa. â€Å"They found her in bed with a silver stake through her heart.† Adrian said nothing, and his expression didn't really change. It occurred to Lissa that in all this talk about innocence, evidence, and lawyers, everyone had kind of overlooked the fact that Tatiana had been Adrian's great-aunt. He hadn't approved of some of her decisions and had made plenty of jokes about her behind her back. But she was still his family, someone he'd known his entire life. He had to be feeling the pain of her death on top of everything else. Even I felt a little conflicted. I hated her for what she'd done to me, but I'd never wanted her dead. And I couldn't help but remember that she'd occasionally spoken to me like I was a real person. Maybe it had been faked, but I was pretty sure she'd been sincere the night she'd stopped by the Ivashkovs'. She'd been weary and thoughtful, mostly just concerned about bringing peace to her people. Lissa watched Adrian go, sympathy and sorrow flooding through her. Christian gently tapped her arm. â€Å"Come on,† he said. â€Å"We've found out what we needed to know. We're just in the way here.† Feeling helpless, Lissa let him lead her outside, dodging more panicked crowds. The orange of a low sun gave every leaf and tree a golden, warm feel. There had been a lot of people out when we returned from the warehouse with Dimitri, but it was nothing compared to this. People were buzzing with fear, hurrying to pass the news. Some were already in mourning, clad in black, with tears on their faces. I wondered how much of that was real. Even in the midst of tragedy and crime, royals would be scrambling for power. And each time she heard my name, Lissa would grow more and more angry. It was the bad anger too, the kind that felt like black smoke in our bond and often made her lash out. It was spirit's curse. â€Å"I can't believe this!† she exclaimed to Christian. I noticed, even if she didn't, that he was hurriedly taking her somewhere where there weren't people. â€Å"How could anyone think that about Rose? It's a set up. It has to be.† â€Å"I know, I know,† he said. He knew spirit's danger signs too and was trying to calm her down. They'd reached a small, grassy area in the shade of a large hazelnut tree and settled onto the ground. â€Å"We know she didn't do it. That's all there is to it. We'll prove it. She can't be punished for something she didn't do.† â€Å"You don't know this group,† grumbled Lissa. â€Å"If someone's out to get her, they can make all sorts of things possible.† With only the faintest awareness, I drew a little of that darkness from her into me, trying to calm her down. Unfortunately, it just made me angrier. Christian laughed. â€Å"You forget. I grew up around this group. I went to school with this group's kids. I know them–but we're not panicking until we know more, okay?† Lissa exhaled, feeling much better. I was going to take too much darkness if I wasn't careful. She gave Christian a small, tentative smile. â€Å"I don't remember you being this reasonable before.† â€Å"It's because everyone has different definitions of ‘reasonable. ‘ Mine's just misunderstood, that's all.† His voice was lofty. â€Å"I think you must be misunderstood a lot,† she laughed. His eyes held hers, and the smile on his face transformed into something warmer and softer. â€Å"Well, I hope this isn't misunderstood. Otherwise, I might get punched.† Leaning over, he brought his lips to hers. Lissa responded with no hesitation or thought whatsoever, losing herself in the sweetness of the kiss. Unfortunately, I was swept along with it. When they pulled away, Lissa felt her heart rate increase and her cheeks flush. â€Å"What exactly was that the definition of?† she asked, reliving how his mouth had felt. â€Å"It means ‘I'm sorry,'† he said. She looked away and nervously plucked at some of the grass. Finally, with a sigh, she looked back up. â€Å"Christian†¦ was there ever†¦ was there ever anything between you and Jill? Or Mia?† He stared in surprise. â€Å"What? How could you think that?† â€Å"You spent so much time with them.† â€Å"There is only one person I have ever wanted,† he said. The steadiness of his gaze, of those crystal blue eyes, left no question as to who that person was. â€Å"No one else has ever come close. In spite of everything, even with Avery–â€Å" â€Å"Christian, I'm so sorry for that–â€Å" â€Å"You don't have to–â€Å" â€Å"I do–â€Å" â€Å"Damn it,† he said. â€Å"Will you let me finish a sent–â€Å" â€Å"No,† Lissa interrupted. And she leaned over and kissed him, a hard and powerful kiss that burned through her body, one that told her there was no one else in the world for her either. Well. Apparently Tasha had been right: I was the only one who could bring them back together. I just somehow hadn't expected my arrest to play a role. I pulled away from her head to give them some privacy and save myself from watching them make out. I didn't begrudge them their moment. There was nothing either could do for me right now, and they deserved their reunion. Their only course of action was to wait for more information, and really, their method of passing time was a lot healthier than whatever Adrian was probably doing. I lay down on the bed and stared up at the ceiling. There was nothing but plain metal and neutral colors around me. It drove me crazy. I had nothing to watch, nothing to read. I felt like an animal trapped in a cage. The room seemed to grow smaller and smaller. All I could do was replay what I'd learned via Lissa, analyzing every word of what had been said. I had questions about everything, of course, but the one thing that stuck with me was Daniella mentioning a hearing. I needed to know more about that. I got my answer–hours later. I'd fallen into sort of a numb haze by then and almost didn't recognize Mikhail standing in front of my cell door. I leapt from my bed to the bars and saw that he was unlocking the door. Hope surged through me. â€Å"What's going on?† I asked. â€Å"Are they letting me go?† â€Å"I'm afraid not,† he said. His point was proven when, after opening the door, he promptly put my hands in cuffs. I didn't fight it. â€Å"I'm here to take you to your hearing.† Stepping into the hall, I saw other guardians gathered. My own security detail. A mirror of Dimitri's. Lovely. Mikhail and I walked together, and mercifully, he spoke along the way instead of maintaining that awful silence that seemed to be common treatment for prisoners. â€Å"What's the hearing exactly? A trial?† â€Å"No, no. Too soon for a trial. A hearing decides whether you're going to trial.† â€Å"That sounds kind of like a waste of time,† I pointed out. We emerged from the guardians' building, and that fresh, damp air was the sweetest thing I'd ever tasted. â€Å"It's a bigger waste of time if you go to a full-fledged trial, and they realize there was no case to stand on. At the hearing, they'll lay out all the evidence they have, and a judge–or, well, someone acting as a judge–will decide if you should have a trial. The trial makes it official. That's where they pass the verdict and dole out the punishment.† â€Å"Why'd they take so long for the hearing? Why'd they make me wait in that cell all day?† He laughed, but not because he thought it was funny. â€Å"This is fast, Rose. Very fast. It can take days or weeks to get a hearing, and if you do go to trial, you'll stay locked up until then.† I swallowed. â€Å"Will they move fast on that too?† â€Å"I don't know. No monarch's been murdered in almost a hundred years. People are running wild, and the Council wants to establish order. They're already making huge plans for the queen's funeral–a giant spectacle that'll distract everyone. Your hearing is also an attempt to establish order.† â€Å"What? How?† â€Å"The sooner they convict the murderer, the safer everyone will feel. They think this case against you is so solid, they want to rush it through. They want you to be guilty. They want to bury her knowing her killer is moving toward justice, so that everyone can sleep easy when the new king or queen is elected.† â€Å"But I didn't–† I let my denial go. There was no point. Ahead of us, the building that housed the courtroom loomed. It had seemed forbidding the first time I'd been here for Victor's trial, but that had been owing to fear of the memories he sparked in me. Now†¦ now it was my own future on the line. And apparently not just my own future–the Moroi world was watching and waiting, hoping I was a villain who could be safely put away forever. Swallowing, I gave Mikhail a nervous look. â€Å"Do you think†¦ do you think they'll send me to trial?† He didn't answer. One of the guards held the door open for us. â€Å"Mikhail?† I urged. â€Å"Will they really put me on trial for murder?† â€Å"Yes,† he said sympathetically. â€Å"I'm pretty sure they will.†

Christmas Meaning

The message:†Best wishes for a Merry Christmas &a prosperous new year â€Å"wishes it audience a cheerful, hopeful and joyous festive seasons and also wishing its audience a fruitful year. Christmas tree is a symbol of renewal and victory we know that in this period it will be the end of the year and we will be starting a new year soon. It’s also symbolises everlasting light and life. Christmas tree also set a colourful theme for the Christmas season.Lights and ornaments represents glory since us Religious people will believe that Jesus Christ is born in this time and also the Star on top the tree symbolises the start that was above the stable that Jesus Christ was born in. The gifts will catch the shopper’s eye as they will know it that time of the year to spoil their loved ones with gifts. Candles represent warmth in our houses during Christmas season and the spirit of togetherness as we also know it as family time and time of sharing love.The gifts also symbol ises those that were given by the 3 wise men to Jesus Christ on the days he was born and also that God gave us his son as gift to us to be our saviour. Kids will also won’t be able to contain their excitement because they’ll know by seeing this image it means Christmas is near and gifts are coming ,But then again it all about peoples beliefs, upbringing and their viewpoint .Those who don’t believe won’t notice any difference except another spending holiday and time off from work . Most of us feel that the festive season won’t be complete without seeing this image or any other images related to this ,as we normal take it as an indicator that it that time of the year, whether we believe in Christmas or not.

Essay evaluating use of speculators and arbitrageurs to a treasury.

Essay evaluating use of speculators and arbitrageurs to a treasury. "Essay evaluating use of speculators and arbitrageurs to a treasury"A multinational corporation is a business firm that operates in more than one country. An example of a multinational corporation could be an electronics company producing televisions. They may be designed in the UK, parts bought from Korea, China and Estonia and then assembled in Taiwan. These types of firms move a good bit of financial capital around the world.Financial managers in the multinational corporations treasury department have the task of moving capital among nations. Treasuries look after the liquid resources of an organisation. This duty must be efficient and involve financial analysts working in international commercial banks, investment banks, pension fund, life insurance companies and mutual funds.The management of liquid resources has become a very complex task. Multinational corporations treasuries require a wide range of methods to minimise foreign exchange risk. Treasuries need good relations with all types of financial institutions to borrow funds directly and to maintain confidence amongst current and potential investors.Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ ¹Ã˜ ±Ã˜ ¨Ã™Å Ã˜ ©: Ø ­Ã˜ ±Ã™Æ'Ø © Ø §Ã™â€žÃ˜ £Ã˜ ³Ã™â€¡Ã™â€¦ Ù Ã™Å  Ø ³Ã™Ë†Ã™â€š ...Multinational corporations engage in foreign exchange transactions and are exposed to transaction exposure. For example, a firm in Vietnam wishes to import instant noodles form China. The firm in Vietnam may be expected to pay in Yuan. The problem is that, as the Vietnese company has agreed to the price in Yuan, there is a chance that the Dong will weaken against the Yuan in the intervening time between signing the contract, receiving the goods and paying the invoice. This would mean that the Vietnese company would have paid more for the Chinese goods in terms of Dong than they had envisaged when they had signed the contract. This would lead to a reduction in anticipated profits or possibly a loss on the transaction. The use of speculators or arbitrageurs could avoid this...